The Principle of Reciprocity

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqeZu8Z3tueU5ve0NA_1X7dgFww1lqL0N6QVQuTxKmjm2wGWhh9RPIQD-CPbjgV5VkEvGNqbBMc9BjlZffcV7lYxNm67eSA3VG1CNeMzqAWhGuvRs2v9FaeGRJnHbEePb0VLULHrNBbRDI/s1600/NEWSLETTER.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqeZu8Z3tueU5ve0NA_1X7dgFww1lqL0N6QVQuTxKmjm2wGWhh9RPIQD-CPbjgV5VkEvGNqbBMc9BjlZffcV7lYxNm67eSA3VG1CNeMzqAWhGuvRs2v9FaeGRJnHbEePb0VLULHrNBbRDI/s320/NEWSLETTER.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><br /><br />When we love others we love ourselves<br /><br />When we accept others we accept ourselves<br /><br />When we forgive others we forgive ourselves</span><div> <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">When we love ourselves we love others<br /><br />When we accept ourselves we accept others<br /><br />When we forgive ourselves we will forgive others and ask for forgiveness<br /><br /></span><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <br /></div> <span class="GingerNoCheckEnd"></span></div>

The Principle of Reciprocity

When we love others we love ourselves When we accept others we accept ourselves When we forgive others we forgive ourselves When we love ...

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Risks in Loving Men Who Can’t Commit

<div><h1><a href="http://lovedependencies.blogspot.co.uk/"><span class="GingerNoCheckStart"></span>Commitment phobic men are not wounded birds waiting to be nursed to health.</a></h1></div><div><img alt="" src="http://rsrc.psychologytoday.com/files/imagecache/article-inline-half/blogs/73955/2012/06/99479-96904.jpg" /></div><div>Should women spend time, energy, and emotion on a man who may never be a part of their future? All too often women say to themselves or their friends: “Well, he wouldn’t commit in the past, but I’m different.  I have more patience than the other women he dated, and I am more understanding than most women. I can help him.”<br /> <br /> If you have heard yourself saying the words “I can help him,” think of yourself as being trapped in the “wounded bird syndrome”  in which your desire to nurse someone back to health is so strong that it clouds your logical thinking.<br /> Before getting too involved with a commitment phobic man consider asking yourself  these 20 Questions to Finding New Love and Marriage.  And then make a conscious effort to understand what is most important to you. 2 Virtues Enhance Falling in Love Forever. Also watch his body language and his actions towards you. If you are jumping through hoops for the commitment phobic man and thinking you can nurse him back to love – think again. Many commitment phobic men are reliving a dysfunctional family role (in fact, some women are in this trap as well.)</div><span class="GingerNoCheckEnd"></span>

Risks in Loving Men Who Can’t Commit

Commitment phobic men are not wounded birds waiting to be nursed to health. Should women spend time, energy, and emotion on a man who may ne...

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self-compassion consists of three components:

<ul><li>Self-kindness: Being kind, gentle and understanding with yourself when you’re suffering.</li><li>Common humanity: Realizing that you’re not alone in your struggles. When we’re struggling, we tend to feel especially isolated. We think we’re the only ones to experience loss, make mistakes, feel rejected or fail. But it’s these very struggles that are part of our shared experience as humans.</li><li>Mindfulness: Observing life as it is, without being judgemental or suppressing your thoughts and feelings.</li></ul>

self-compassion consists of three components:

Self-kindness: Being kind, gentle and understanding with yourself when you’re suffering. Common humanity: Realizing that you’re not alone in...

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I know I’ve been in sick relationships, but I don’t know what a healthyrelationship looks like.

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8_7OjNf59bHuWEEN4pZQEyMQdSQImsxu4NBpqISte73T_j-06LHeL1mhLx53T9m5kG7bFfrhyObrHHkS_xLR8tbkCG-KdRl1JXJK4Brxsngk-pPEv3IoYLGCZw0Zn6rsZZ-0U7vs-lLMz/s1600/gatzo+shine234.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="789" data-original-width="940" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8_7OjNf59bHuWEEN4pZQEyMQdSQImsxu4NBpqISte73T_j-06LHeL1mhLx53T9m5kG7bFfrhyObrHHkS_xLR8tbkCG-KdRl1JXJK4Brxsngk-pPEv3IoYLGCZw0Zn6rsZZ-0U7vs-lLMz/s320/gatzo+shine234.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><br /> “I know I’ve been in sick relationships, but I don’t know what a healthy relationship looks like.”<br /><br />There are many long and complicated answers to this, but there is also a simple one: healthy relationships make your life larger and happier; unhealthy relationships narrow your life and make you crazy.<br /><br />Healthy relationships do not include mind games, mixed messages, or control. There is not a back and forth or continual makeup and breakup, or “I’m sorry, please forgive me” every week or so.<br /><br /> <br /><br />In healthy relationships, there is a partnership and a nurturing by both parties of that partnership. At the same time, each person recognizes the need to have interests and time away from their partner to nurture themselves. They don’t need to have the same interests, but rather the same view of life. Healthy love is about taking care of yourself and taking care of your mate… and those things are in balance to the point where they seldom collide.</span><div> <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><br />What is Real Love?<br /><br />Healthy people lead to healthy relationships and healthy relationships lead to real love.<br /><br />Real love does not seek another person to fill up what we are lacking. It takes a complete, whole person to really love and overly needy people cannot do it. Real love is balanced. Both partners love in fairly equal amounts. While the balance may shift back and forth, it is not lopsided. If you love someone who is not loving your back, or not loving you the way you love them, then it’s not real.<br /><br />When you place expectations on people to fill your empty places, that is not healthy. It’s nice to have a partner, a companion, someone to help you weather life’s storms, but it is not okay to look for someone to complete you or fix your broken places. That is not real love; that is dependence, co-dependence, and unhealthy neediness.<br /><br />Real love does not play games, cause us to lose sleep, friends, jobs, money, time and value in our lives. Real love is an enlarging and not a narrowing experience. And finally, real love does exist. But it is true that in order to find the right person, you need to be the right person.<br /><br />To be the right person you have to do your work, examine your failed relationships and, find the patterns. Go to counseling if you have historical issues. Find out why you are attracted to a certain type that is not good for you. And, at the same time, build your life so that you are an independent, interesting, and attractive person. You will attract other independent, interesting, and attractive people who are capable of good and loving relationships.<br /><br />As I say over and over again, water seeks its own level. If you are attracting and attracted to unhealthy and dysfunctional, you are unhealthy and dysfunctional. Do your work so that real love and lasting love has a chance to walk in.</span></div>

I know I’ve been in sick relationships, but I don’t know what a healthyrelationship looks like.

 “I know I’ve been in sick relationships, but I don’t know what a healthy relationship looks like.” There are many long and complicated an...

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Know you what it is to be a child?… it is to believe in belief…

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijZHI1ygiwI7OSa1TsosJh0nu1V-Ws7ylmYisq8gUf8-JWmRDoBqBoS2FjHOrLywLQnwojOUdD5lBowlnzXcnfT7joTHfDkyFepIM7OPt6fbOOSocObK6cpBABLbtNWqgLq6O4rCBZXwN8/s1600/1-FotorChildwithin56.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="701" data-original-width="753" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijZHI1ygiwI7OSa1TsosJh0nu1V-Ws7ylmYisq8gUf8-JWmRDoBqBoS2FjHOrLywLQnwojOUdD5lBowlnzXcnfT7joTHfDkyFepIM7OPt6fbOOSocObK6cpBABLbtNWqgLq6O4rCBZXwN8/s320/1-FotorChildwithin56.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br />Know you what it is to be a child?… it is <br />to believe in belief….<br />– Francis Thompson, 19th c. British poet<br /><br />We don’t forget our first ah-ha experience any more than we forget our first kiss. The difference is we have some idea of what to expect from a kiss, but we don’t know what to make of an enlightening incident. The experience lingers in memory as something special, but since we can’t account for it, we’re apt to keep it to ourselves.<br /><br />Only in my thirties did I realise that an experience I’d had in my teens was the analogue of that first kiss. About six years after discovering that our third grade science book contained mistakes, it struck me that anything could be wrong. There were no infallible truths, no ultimate explanations.<br /><br /> <br /><br />In high school we were learning that science theories and models were not to be regarded as absolute truths, but rather taken to be useful descriptions that might someday be replaced with better ones. I accepted this way of holding scientific truth—it didn’t seem to undercut its usefulness. But I still wanted to believe there were absolute, moral truths, not mere assumptions, but unimpeachable, eternal verities. My mother certainly acted as if there were.<br /><br /> <br /><br />But one day, alone in my bedroom, I had the premonition that what was true of science applied to beliefs of every sort. I realized that, as in science, political, moral, or personal convictions could be questioned and might need amending or qualifying in certain circumstances. The feeling reminded me of consulting a dictionary and realising that there are no final definitions, only cross references. I remember exactly where I was standing, and how it felt, when I discovered there was no place to stand, nothing to hold on to. I felt sobered, yet at the same time, strangely liberated. After all, if there were no absolutes, then there might be an escape from what often seemed to me to be a confining social conformity.With this revelation, my hopes for definitive, immutable solutions to life’s problems dimmed. I shared my experience of unbelief with no one at the time, knowing that I couldn’t explain myself and fearing others’ mockery. I decided that to function in society I would have to pretend to go along with the prevailing consensus—at least until I could come up with something better. For decades afterwards, without understanding why, I was drawn to people and ideas that expanded my premonition of a worldview grounded not on immutable beliefs, but rather on a process of continually improving our best working assumptions.Science Models EvolveIt’s the essence of models that they’re works in progress. </span><br /> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">While nothing could be more obvious—after all, models are all just figments of our fallible imaginations—the idea that models can change, and should be expected to yield their place of privilege to better ones, has been surprisingly hard to impart.Until relatively recently we seem to have preferred to stick to what we know—or think we know—no matter the consequences. Rather than judge for ourselves, we’ve been ready to defer to existing authority and subscribe to received “wisdom.” Perhaps this is because of a premium put on not “upsetting the apple cart” during a period in human history when an upright apple cart was of more importance to group cohesiveness and survival than the fact that the cart was full of rotten apples.Ironically, our principal heroes, saints and geniuses alike, have typically spilled a lot of apples. </span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Very often they are people who have championed a truth that contradicts the official line.A turning point in the history of human understanding came in the seventeenth century when one such figure, the English physician William Harvey, discovered that the blood circulates through the body. His plea—“I appeal to your own eyes as my witness and judge”—was revolutionary at a time when physicians looked not to their own experience but rather accepted on faith the Greek view that blood was made in the liver and consumed as fuel by the body. The idea that dogma be subordinated to the actual experience of the individual seemed audacious at the time.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Another milestone was the shift from the geocentric (or Ptolemaic) model (named after the first-century Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy) to the heliocentric model (or Copernican) model (after the sixteenth-century Polish astronomer Copernicus, who is regarded by many as the father of modern science).Until five centuries ago, it was an article of faith that the sun, the stars, and the planets revolved around the earth, which lay motionless at the center of the universe. When the Italian scientist Galileo embraced the Copernican model, which held that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, he was contradicting the teaching of the Church. This was considered sacrilegious and, under threat of torture, he was forced to recant. He spent the rest of his life under house arrest, making further astronomical discoveries and writing books for posterity. In 1992, Pope John Paul II acknowledged that the Roman Catholic Church had erred in condemning Galileo for asserting that the Earth revolves around the Sun.The Galileo affair was really an argument about whether models should be allowed to change without the Church’s consent. Those in positions of authority often deem acceptance of their beliefs, and with that the acceptance of their role as arbiters of beliefs, to be more important than the potential benefits of moving on to a better model. For example, the discovery of seashells on mountaintops and fossil evidence of extinct species undermined theological doctrine that the world and all living things were a mere six thousand years old. Such discoveries posed a serious challenge to the Church’s monopoly on truth.Typically, new models do not render old ones useless, they simply circumscribe their domains of validity, unveiling and accounting for altogether new phenomena that lie beyond the scope of the old models. Thus, relativity and quantum theory do not render Newton’s laws of motion obsolete. NASA has no need for the refinements of quantum or relativistic mechanics in calculating the flight paths of space vehicles. </span><br /> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">The accuracy afforded by Newton’s laws suffices for its purposes.Some think that truths that aren’t absolute and immutable disqualify themselves as truths. But just because models change doesn’t mean that anything goes. At any given time, what “goes” is precisely the most accurate model we’ve got. One simply has to be alert to the fact that our current model may be superseded by an even better one tomorrow. It’s precisely this built-in skepticism that gives science its power.Most scientists are excited when they find a persistent discrepancy between their latest model and empirical data. They know that such deviations signal the existence of hitherto unknown realms in which new phenomena may be discovered. The presumption that nature models are infallible has been replaced with the humbling expectation that their common destiny is to be replaced by more comprehensive and accurate ones.Toward the end of the nineteenth century, many physicists believed they’d learned all there was to know about the workings of the universe. The consensus was that between Newton’s dynamics and Maxwell’s electromagnetism we had everything covered. Prominent scientists solemnly announced the end of physics.There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement.– Lord Kelvin (1900)</span><br /> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br />Then a few tiny discrepancies between theory and experiment were noted and as scientists explored them, they came upon the previously hidden realm of atomic and relativistic physics, and with it technologies that have put their stamp on the twentieth century.</span><br /> <div> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br />Albert Einstein believed that the final resting place of every theory is as a special case of a broader one. Indeed, he spent the last decades of his life searching for a unified theory that would have transcended the discoveries he made as a young man. The quest for such a grand unifying theory goes on.</span><br /> <div id="inline-content-bottom-right" style="float: right; padding-left: 15px; width: 465px;"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

Know you what it is to be a child?… it is to believe in belief…

Know you what it is to be a child?… it is to believe in belief…. – Francis Thompson, 19th c. British poet We don’t forget our first ah-ha ...

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Being and Flowing is a good place to begin Healing Your Thoughts.

<p> </p><p>The first part of the Being and Flowing Sequence is a basic relaxation session where some (or several) of the techniques of guided imagery or meditation can be used. In fact, for this type of relaxation, you can use new techniques or techniques that are familiar to you and that have worked for you in the past. If you do the sequence regularly, you can switch between techniques if you like.</p><p>One caveat: We find that general medical/therapy techniques, specifically those that are not associated with a particular spiritual path, work best for the Being and Flowing meditation in this context. (We link to some general relaxation techniques from the University of Maryland Medical Center, below). </p><p>Being and Flowing First Step: Basic Relaxation Session</p><p>One: Position</p><p>If you are outdoors, find a quiet, safe place in a garden, park, beach or woods. Remember, safety comes first. If you are indoors, find a place where you won’t be disturbed. Sit on a floor cushion or in a chair with your feet on the floor, or lie down in a comfortable position. Whatever position you choose, try to remember, you might choose not to move or shift while being and flowing, so make sure it’s really comfortable.</p><p>Two: Watch Your Thoughts</p><p>Once you are comfortable, the first thing to keep in mind: Don’t worry about your thoughts. Allow them to come and go as they wish. Give them their freedom to come and go as they like. Don’t try to control them. Just observe them. </p><p>Three: Watch Your Breath</p><p>Don’t try to control your breathing. Just observe your breath. If you are familiar with breathing techniques and want to try them, you could, but to forge a new path it’s sometimes good to let go and experience non-familiar meditative pathways.</p><p>Four: No Goal</p><p>If you feel stressed or anxious, remember: there is no goal here. Just passively watch where your thoughts and breath take you. If after a few tries anxiety (or boredom, which can be a symptom of anxiety during meditation) feels overpowering, take a break.</p><p>Five: Far Away</p><p>At some point, your thoughts may seem to “melt away”. They may feel far away; you know they’re there, but they don’t seem to touch you, or you don’t really touch them. There is a gulf between you and your thoughts, including your less-than-helpful ones. When they are so far away, their ability to control you is greatly diminished.</p><p>Help!</p><p>If you need help we recommend you try music. We really like (and recommend) Dr. Harry Henshaw’s relaxation music. (Last year, we interviewed him, <a href="http://blogs.psychcentral.com/therapy-soup/2011/09/healing-with-music-relaxation-therapy/" target="_blank">here</a>.)</p><p>Dr. Henshaw’s audio tracks of <a href="http://www.enhancedhealing.com/" target="_blank">free-floating music</a> are really de-stressing. We can best describe them as providing a musical pathway on which your thoughts can flow. His music doesn’t restrain or confine your thoughts as much as gently supports them. We really liked the ones on <a href="http://www.enhancedhealing.com/products_results.php?ProductCategoryID%5B%5D=1&Search=Search" target="_blank">these pages</a>; so far, we’ve sampled the uplifting music of Clarity, the gentle vibrato of Cosmic Reflection, the sweet tones of Equilibrium and the progressions of Inner Peace.*</p><p>If you want more concrete help the techniques of progressive relaxation (and toe tensing) can be very helpful. The University of Maryland Medical Center has <a href="http://www.umm.edu/sleep/relax_tech.htm" target="_blank">clearly outlined them.</a> They recommend the techniques for sleep disorders, but they are also helpful for tension and anxiety. One quibble: they don’t mention that slightly tensing each area of the body (not just the toes) before you relax that part, can be even a more powerful path to relaxation.</p><p>We’ve made our own relaxation recordings at home. We record our soft, slow voices giving a step-by-step progressive relaxation session. You might enjoy making your own recordings, too.</p><p>Being and Flowing Second Step: Journal</p><p>If you are in therapy, or even if you’re not, it’s a good idea to do a Being and Flowing journal. Some people like to share this with their therapist, others don’t. It’s up to you.</p><p>You might consider doing an audio or video recording if you don’t like to write. Writing or otherwise recording your general experience with your relaxation session, is a good starting point. Then, if you like, continue to write or otherwise comment on your experience of your thinking process. What were your thoughts? Were you able to let them drift by? Did any thoughts “stick” more than others? Did new thoughts, thoughts you never “thought” before, pop up?</p><p>Also, you might explore the self that observed the thoughts. And so on. If you don’t like to write and don’t want to do an audio or video recording, you can try illustrating your experience by drawing, painting, collage (found objects, fabric, and so on), photography, etc.</p><p>Once you have a sense of Being and Flowing, you’ll might find yourself being able to step back, even in a non-relaxing session, from your thoughts that are not beneficial. You might find it easier to dispassionately examine your thoughts (and beliefs, which are a type of thought often mingled with emotion) and see if they are really beneficial to you.</p><p>In fact, a very important, even central, part of therapy is examining thoughts and beliefs that hamper or are openly damaging to: your personal growth, relationships, mental health, and physical health. Therapy, in part, teaches you how to “rethink” things, even changing your most closely held beliefs, if they don’t serve your growth. Healing your thoughts is central to healing your life.</p>

Being and Flowing is a good place to begin Healing Your Thoughts.

  The first part of the Being and Flowing Sequence is a basic relaxation session where some (or several) of the techniques of guided imagery...

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How do you treat yourself

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidf2ssLJpLc5y5uD89v4XokccJtPI4n2TnoiFf9c2osCxD28wHVhwPnRBaeB2dPBYrxhutHzRHtVFAFXXCCkkvrOJbPQmOjTeH7qEEIw4GwyyAK440pWE_pGAdPaRQFmuFod-98hofaJzp/s1600/river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidf2ssLJpLc5y5uD89v4XokccJtPI4n2TnoiFf9c2osCxD28wHVhwPnRBaeB2dPBYrxhutHzRHtVFAFXXCCkkvrOJbPQmOjTeH7qEEIw4GwyyAK440pWE_pGAdPaRQFmuFod-98hofaJzp/s320/river.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">How do you treat yourself? How should you treat yourself? What should you think about yourself? How should you feel about yourself? Well..... how do you treat your best friend? What do you think about them? How do you feel about them? Now take that and multiply it by 10, multiply it by 100. Imagine how you would feel about somebody you were completely in love with, that you loved more than life itself, but it was an unconditional, open, free, healthy love, and not a needy, posessive, jealous, conditional love. Your eyes are wide open and you see all their faults and yet you love them despite their faults, perhaps because of them. Now perhaps you are getting close to how you should feel about yourself..........Simon Meadowcroft</span>

How do you treat yourself

How do you treat yourself? How should you treat yourself? What should you think about yourself? How should you feel about yoursel...

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Smokers could one day be immunised against nicotine so they gain no pleasure from the habit, according to researchers in the US.

<p id="story_continues_1">They have devised a vaccine that floods the body with an antibody to assault nicotine entering the body.</p><p>A study in mice, published in Science Translational Medicine, showed levels of the chemical in the brain were reduced by 85% after vaccination.</p><p>Years of research are still needed before it could be tested on people.</p><p>However, lead researcher Prof Ronald Crystal is convinced there will be benefits.</p><p>"As far as we can see, the best way to treat chronic nicotine addiction from smoking is to have these Pacman-like antibodies on patrol, clearing the blood as needed before nicotine can have any biological effect."</p><p>New approach</p><p>Other "smoking vaccines" have been developed that train the immune system to produce antibodies that bind to nicotine - it is the same method used to vaccinate against diseases. The challenge has been to produce enough antibodies to stop the drug entering the brain and delivering its pleasurable hit.</p><p>Scientists at Weill Cornell Medical College have used a completely different approach, a gene-therapy vaccine, which they say is more promising.</p><div>Continue reading the main story<h2>“Start Quote</h2><blockquote><p>If they start smoking again, they will receive no pleasure from it due to the nicotine vaccine, and that can help them kick the habit”</p></blockquote>Prof Ronald CrystalWeill Cornell Medical College</div><p id="story_continues_2">A genetically modified virus containing the instructions for making nicotine antibodies is used to infect the liver. This turns the organ into a factory producing the antibodies.</p><p>The research team compared the amount of nicotine in the brains of normal mice with those that had been immunised. After being injected with nicotine, the vaccinated mice had nicotine levels 85% lower.</p><p>It is not known if this could be repeated in humans or if this level of reduction would be enough to help people quit.</p><p>Prof Crystal said that if such a vaccine could be developed then people "will know if they start smoking again, they will receive no pleasure from it due to the nicotine vaccine, and that can help them kick the habit".</p><p>He added: "We are very hopeful that this kind of vaccine strategy can finally help the millions of smokers who have tried to stop, exhausting all the methods on the market today, but find their nicotine addiction to be strong enough to overcome these current approaches."</p><p>'Impressive and intriguing'</p><p>There are also issues around the safety of gene therapy in humans that will need to be answered.</p><p>Professor of genetics at the University of Kent, Darren Griffin, said the findings were "impressive and intriguing with great potential" but cautioned there were still many issues which needed addressing.</p><p>He said the main issue "is whether the observed biochemical effects in lab mice genuinely translate to a reduced addiction in humans given that such addictions can be both physical and psychological".</p><p>Dr Simon Waddington, from University College London, said: "The technology underpinning gene therapy is improving all the time and it is encouraging to see these preliminary results that indicate it could be used to address nicotine addiction, which is damaging to the nation's health and a drain on the health service economy."</p><p>If such a vaccine was developed it could also raise ethical questions about vaccinating people, possibly in childhood, before they even started smoking.</p>

Smokers could one day be immunised against nicotine so they gain no pleasure from the habit, according to researchers in the US.

They have devised a vaccine that floods the body with an antibody to assault nicotine entering the body. A study in mice, published in Scien...

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Coke and Pepsi contain tiny traces of alcohol, reveals French research

<p>Coca-Cola and Pepsi contain minute traces of alcohol, scientific research published in France has revealed. The revelation will cause concern among those who chose the carbonated soft drink for religious, health or safety reasons. According to tests carried out by the Paris-based National Institute of Consumption (INC) more than half of leading colas contain the traces of alcohol. Can't beat the real thing: The revelation will cause concern among those who chose the carbonated soft drink for religious, health or safety reasons These include the brand leaders Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola, while it is mainly only cheap supermarket versions of the drink which are alcohol-free. ‘60 Million Consumers’, the French magazine, publishes the results of the tests in its latest issue. They suggest that the alcohol levels are as low as 10mg in every litre, and this works out at around 0.001 per cent alcohol.</p>

Coke and Pepsi contain tiny traces of alcohol, reveals French research

Coca-Cola and Pepsi contain minute traces of alcohol, scientific research published in France has revealed. The revelation will cause conce...

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Edward Burtynsky Photographs Farming in Monegros Spain

<br /> <h1> </h1> <div id="primary-column-content"> <div id="entry-body"> <img alt="" src="http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2012/05/farm-ing.jpg.492x0_q85_crop-smart.jpg" /><br />© Edward Burtynsky, courtesy Flowers, London Dryland Farming #13, Monegros County, Aragon, Spain, 2010<br /> Canadian photographer Edward Burtynsky is having a London moment. Not only are his familiar works on the oil crisis on view but he is also exhibiting a new series examining the impact of long-term farming in Monegros, Spain.<br /> <img alt="" src="http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2012/05/twenty-one.jpg.492x0_q85_crop-smart.jpg" /><br />© Edward Burtynsky, courtesy Flowers, London Dryland Farming #21, Monegros County, Aragon, Spain, 2010<br /> These photographs are looking at the tradition of dryland farming carried out over many generations in the north-eastern part of Spain. It's an agricultural region where the land is semi-arid, sparsely populated and prone to both droughts and high winds. The land is made up of sedimentary rock, gypsum, and clay-rich soil. The photographs show the impact of these conditions, as well as man's expanding foot print.<br /> <img alt="" src="http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2012/05/dry-one.jpg.492x0_q85_crop-smart.jpg" /><br />© Edward Burtynsky, courtesy Flowers, London Dryland Farming #8, Monegros County, Aragon, Spain, 2010<br /> Burtynsky is shooting the photos from a helicopter, two thousand feet up: so high that there are almost no details to be identified. The topography looks like an abstract painting.<br /> <img alt="" src="http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2012/05/high-way.jpg.492x0_q85_crop-smart.jpg" /><br />© Edward Burtynsky, courtesy Flowers, London Dryland Farming #27, Monegros County, Aragon, Spain, 2010<br /> Despite a scarcity of water, generations of farmers have continued to farm, so the photos are a contrast between nature's untamed forces and man's attempts to harness it. The cracks and crevices form writhing lines with deep earthy tones.<br /> <img alt="" src="http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2012/05/brown-road.jpg.492x0_q85_crop-smart.jpg" /><br />© Edward Burtynsky, courtesy Flowers, London Dryland Farming #31, Monegros County, Aragon, Spain, 2010</div> </div>

Edward Burtynsky Photographs Farming in Monegros Spain

© Edward Burtynsky, courtesy Flowers, London Dryland Farming #13, Monegros County, Aragon, Spain, 2010 Canadian photographer Edward Bu...

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